4 research outputs found
DOA Estimation for Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems using Mixed-ADCs: Performance Loss and Energy Efficiency
Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, the
practical application of massive multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) in the
sixth generation (6G) and future wireless networks is still challenging.
Employing lowresolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and hybrid analog
and digital (HAD) structure is two low-cost choice with acceptable performance
loss. In this paper, the combination of the mixedADC architecture and HAD
structure employed at receiver is proposed for direction of arrival (DOA)
estimation, which will be applied to the beamforming tracking and alignment in
6G. By adopting the additive quantization noise model, the exact closedform
expression of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the HAD architecture with
mixed-ADCs is derived. Moreover, the closed-form expression of the performance
loss factor is derived as a benchmark. In addition, to take power consumption
into account, energy efficiency is also investigated in our paper. The
numerical results reveal that the HAD structure with mixedADCs can
significantly reduce the power consumption and hardware cost. Furthermore, that
architecture is able to achieve a better trade-off between the performance loss
and the power consumption. Finally, adopting 2-4 bits of resolution may be a
good choice in practical massive MIMO systems.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Two Rapid Power Iterative DOA Estimators for UAV Emitter Using Massive/Ultra-massive Receive Array
To provide rapid direction finding (DF) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
emitter in future wireless networks, a low-complexity direction of arrival
(DOA) estimation architecture for massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
receiver arrays is constructed. In this paper, we propose two strategies to
address the extremely high complexity caused by eigenvalue decomposition of the
received signal covariance matrix. Firstly, a rapid power-iterative rotational
invariance (RPI-RI) method is proposed, which adopts the signal subspace
generated by power iteration to gets the final direction estimation through
rotational invariance between subarrays. RPI-RI makes a significant complexity
reduction at the cost of a substantial performance loss. In order to further
reduce the complexity and provide a good directional measurement result, a
rapid power-iterative Polynomial rooting (RPI-PR) method is proposed, which
utilizes the noise subspace combined with polynomial solution method to get the
optimal direction estimation. In addition, the influence of initial vector
selection on convergence in the power iteration is analyzed, especially when
the initial vector is orthogonal to the incident wave. Simulation results show
that the two proposed methods outperform the conventional DOA estimation
methods in terms of computational complexity. In particular, the RPIPR method
achieves more than two orders of magnitude lower complexity than conventional
methods and achieves performance close to CRLB. Moreover, it is verified that
the initial vector and the relative error have a significant impact on the
performance of the computational complexity
Two Rapid Power Iterative DOA Estimators for UAV Emitter Using Massive/Ultra-Massive Receive Array
To provide rapid direction finding (DF) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) emitters in future wireless networks, a low-complexity direction of arrival (DOA) estimation architecture for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver arrays is constructed. In this paper, we propose two strategies to address the extremely high complexity caused by eigenvalue decomposition of the received signal covariance matrix. Firstly, a rapid power iterative rotational invariance (RPI-RI) method is proposed, which adopts the signal subspace generated by power iteration to obtain the final direction estimation through rotational invariance between subarrays. RPI-RI causes a significant complexity reduction at the cost of a substantial performance loss. In order to further reduce the complexity and provide good directional measurement results, the rapid power iterative polynomial rooting (RPI-PR) method is proposed, which utilizes the noise subspace combined with the polynomial solution method to obtain the optimal direction estimation. In addition, the influence of initial vector selection on convergence in the power iteration is analyzed, especially when the initial vector is orthogonal to the incident wave. Simulation results show that the two proposed methods outperform the conventional DOA estimation methods in terms of computational complexity. In particular, the RPI-PR method achieves more than two orders of magnitude lower complexity than conventional methods and achieves performance close to the Cramér–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Moreover, it is verified that the initial vector and the relative error have a significant impact on the performance with respect to the computational complexity